Cytogenetic Analysis refers to technique by which the chromosomes present in the cell samples are characterized. Some of the SPTO patented article related to the above Cytogenetic Analysistechnique is given below.
In Patent no: 5,427,910 titled ‘Method of cytogenetic analysis’ with the abstract A method of characterizing the chromosomes in a sample of cells by fixing the cell sample on a substrate, contacting the cell sample with a nucleic acid probe having a detectable label under conditions that allow the probe to hybridize preferentially to a chromosome in the cells to form a hybridized complex, optically detecting each labeled complex in the sample, defining a predetermined number of neighboring labeled complexes as a group, generating a distance parameter based on the distance between the position of a group and the position of the next neighboring labeled complex, and comparing the distance parameter for each group to a standard distance value to characterize the chromosomes in the cells of the sample.
Patent no: 5,814,444 titled ‘Methods for making and using single-chromosome amplfication libraries’ with the abstract: Methods for making chromosome-specific libraries from single chromosomes are disclosed in which a single flow-sorted chromosome (or subchromosomal fragment) is efficiently collected, and DNA extracted from the chromosome is amplified, e.g., by PCR. After they are produced, the resulting libraries are screened, e.g., by in situ hybridization or hybridization to a chromosome spot blot, to identify libraries that arise from the chromosome (or subchromosomal fragment) of interest. The single-chromosome amplification libraries and individual DNA sequences from the libraries are useful, for example, for cytogenetic analysis and cancer diagnostics
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In reference to Patent no: 5,427,932 titled ‘Repeat sequence chromosome specific nucleic acid probes and methods of preparing and using’ with the abstract: A primer directed DNA amplification method to isolate efficiently chromosome-specific repeated DNA wherein degenerate oligonucleotide primers are used is disclosed. The probes produced are a heterogeneous mixture that can be used with blocking DNA as a chromosome-specific staining reagent, and/or the elements of the mixture can be screened for high specificity, size and/or high degree of repetition among other parameters. The degenerate primers are sets of primers that vary in sequence but are substantially complementary to highly repeated nucleic acid sequences, preferably clustered within the template DNA, for example, pericentromeric alpha satellite repeat sequences. The template DNA is preferably chromosome-specific. Exemplary primers ard probes are disclosed. The probes of this invention can be used to determine the number of chromosomes of a specific type in metaphase spreads, in germ line and/or somatic cell interphase nuclei, micronuclei and/or in tissue sections. Also provided is a method to select arbitrarily repeat sequence probes that can be screened for chromosome-specificity.
Patent no: 5,693,464 titled ‘Method for generating chromosome region-specific probes’ with the abstract: The present invention provides rapid, reproducible procedures for generating chromosome region-specific probes (CRSPs) for diagnostic and research applications. Region-specific probes are provided by direct in vitro enzymatic amplification (PCR) of microdissected chromosomal or hybridized DNA from the chromosomal region of interest, followed by labelling for in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei. CRSP specificity can be further enhanced using a linker-based strategy, wherein linkered DNA (LDNA) sequences prepared from DNA libraries are hybridized to chromosomal DNA in situ, microdissected from the chromosomal region of interest and then directly amplified using the linker as primer. These procedures make it possible to generate a vast number of chromosome region-specific probes without microchemical manipulation after dissection and provide means for identifying cryptic chromosomal alterations previously not amenable to routine cytogenetic analysis. Probes generated by the methods of the present invention can also be used for screening any DNA library of interest.
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