Immobilization of Enzymes refers to the enzymes which are trapped or immobilized in a membrane support. This technique helps the human race to the chemical substitute and helping the cells for the synthesis naturally with the specific enzyme.
Total number of techniques granted by USPTO for patents is 22. Some tof the patented techniques are listed below.
Patent No: 6,905,733 titled ‘Irreversible immobilization of enzymes into polyurethane coatings’ with the abstract: This invention provides a method of irreversibly immobilizing an enzyme into polyurethane coatings. This invention also provides for an enzyme-containing coating having a degree of immobilization of the enzyme of approximately 100%. The synthesis of waterborne polyurethane coatings in the presence of enzyme has enabled the irreversible attachment of the enzyme to the polymeric matrix. The distribution of immobilized enzyme as well as activity retention are homogeneous within the coating. Decreasing ECC hydrophobicity, via the use of a less hydrophobic polyisocyanate prepolymer during polymerization, significantly enhanced the intrinsic activity of the ECC.
Patent No: 6,582,942 titled ‘Immobilization of enzymes on particulate porous carriers for use in organic mediums’ with the abstract: An immobilized enzyme is prepared for use in organic mediums essentially devoid of free water. An enzyme-containing liquid medium is contacted with a particulate porous carrier which preferably has a particle size of 200-1000 .mu.m and a surface area of 20-1000 m.sup.2 /g to adsorb the enzyme on the carrier, and volatile components of the liquid medium contained by the carrier are removed. The carrier may have a hydrophilic surface, and an amount of liquid medium is used to prevent agglomeration of the carrier. Alternatively, the carrier has a hydrophobic surface, and the addition of a hygroscopic substance suppresses agglomeration of the carrier by absorbing excess liquid. The hygroscopic substance may be removed during the removal of volatile components. Contacting of the enzyme-containing liquid and carrier can be in a fluidized bed where immobilization and removing volatile components are conducted simultaneously, or contacting can be in mixer followed by removing volatile components in a fluidized bed. The enzyme-containing liquid may be atomized onto the carrier in the fluidized bed or in the mixer. Enzymes immobilized include lipase, and the immobilized lipase can be used in trans-esterification reactions.
Patent No: 4,897,352 titled ‘Acrylate based adsorbent resin for the immobilization of enzymes’ with the abstract: Enzymes are immobilized on macroporous hydrophilic polymer beads by adsorption. The polymer beads are cross-linked, acrylate-based resins containing pendant hydroxy groups. The resins contain 10-70% methyl methacrylate, 10-70% methylacrylate, 5-14 40% ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant hydroxyl group and 10-25% divinylbenzene. The resins provide immobilized enzyme preparations exhibiting excellent physical strength and stability as well as high enzyme activity.
Patent No: 4,968,605 titled ‘Immobilization of enzymes on porous melt spun polyamide yarns’ with he abstract : An immobilized enzyme structure in which molecules of one or more enzymes are attached to chemically active groups located on surface in the structure, such structure being composed of melt spun polyamide fibres comprising spaced fibrils of polyamide which are substantially aligned to the axis of the fibre, such aligned spaced fibrils being interconnected to each other in a random manner.
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