Proviral DNA refers to the DNA copy of a retrovirus (such as HIV) that is inserted into the chromosome of an infected cell after reverse transcription and integration. Some of the methods patented in USPTO are given below.
In patent no: 6,248,582 titled ‘Gene deleted recombinant FeLV proviral DNA for production of vaccines against FeLV’ with the abstract : Methods and compositions for a vaccine against feline leukemia are disclosed.
In detail, this invention relates to the field of viral vaccines, particularly to use and production of genetically deleted feline leukemia virus proviral DNA that produce non-replicating virus particles in vivo. The DNA can also be used to produce immunogenic polypeptides derived from the FeLV genome. These vaccines are especially useful against FeLV and the disease associated with FeLV.
With reference to this, there are several disclosures that describe other possible methods for immunization against FeLV including treatments with recombinant derived FeLV peptides alone or in combination with attenuated virus or proviral DNA preparations (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,701,416, 4,876,089, 5,152,982, 4,789,702, EPO 0247904, PCT U.S.85/02319), virus vectors expressing FeLV gene products (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,957,865, 5,324,664, PCT U.S. Ser. No. 88/02816, GB90/00116, U.S. Ser. No. 92/08427), peptide vaccines containing smaller components of full length gene products (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,663,436, 4,794,168), self-assembled replication-deficient virus particle production, and vector produced non-replicative virus particle production (PCT U.S. Ser. No. 93/09070).
Patent no: 6,004,799 titled ‘Recombinant live feline immunodeficiency virus and proviral DNA vaccines’ with the abstract This invention discloses live-attenuated feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and recombinant vectors for producing them, useful as vaccines and therapeutic agents against FIV and diseases associated with virulent FIV infection. In the recombinant vectors and FIVs, one or more genes, or part of the gene(s), responsible for FIV pathogenesis have been completely or partially rendered nonfunctional, e.g., by full or partial deletion or mutagenesis. These anti-FIV vaccines may be given to susceptible hosts in the form of infectious virus or cloned DNA.
Patent no 6,222,024 titled Nucleic acids encoding a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase interactor protein (INI-1) with the abstract
Upon entry into a host cell, retroviruses direct the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome and the establishment of an integrated proviral DNA. The retroviral integrase protein (IN) is responsible for the insertion of the viral DNA into host chromosomal targets. The IN catalyzes two specific biochemical reactions: (i) cleavage of the 3'termini of the viral DNA to produce 3'-OH ends, and (ii) joining of the two newly generated 3'-termini to the 5'-phosphates on each strand of the target sequence in a concerted strand-transfer reaction. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify a novel human gene product, herein designated integrase interactor 1 or INI-1, that binds tightly to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase in vitro. Approximately 10.sup.6 complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of the HL60 macrophage-monocytic cell line were expressed as GAL4AC (activation domain) fusions and tested for coactivation of a reporter gene together with a GAL4DB (DNA binding) IN fusion. Overlapping cDNA clones were identified and their nucleotide sequences ascertained. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that INI-1 displays limited amino acid homology to the yeast SNF5 protein, a transcriptional activator required for high-level expression of many disparate cellular genes. Nucleotide sequences encoding the INI-1 gene product will prove useful for the generation of biochemical reagents and the development novel HIV-1 antiviral agents.
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